“In a subsequent study, Miron et al. tried to find evidence of causation, not merely correlation. They did so by experimentally manipulating national identification by asking participants to recount situations in which they felt similar to other Americans (evoking greater identification with fellow Americans) or different from other Americans (evoking less identification with fellow Americans). Those who were experimentally made to feel less identification with America subsequently reported very different standards of justice and collective guilt compared to others made to feel more identification with America. Specifically, participants in the low identification condition set lowered standards for calling something unjust, they evaluated slavery’s harms as higher, and they felt more collective guilt. By contrast, participants in the high identification condition set higher standards for calling something unjust (that is, they required more evidence), they evaluated slavery’s harms as less severe, and they felt less guilt. In other words, by experimentally manipulating how much people identified with their ingroup (in this case, American), researchers could shift the justice standard that participants deployed to judge their own ingroup for harming the outgroup.”
Source: Hon. Mark W. Bennett, Devon Carbado, Pam Casey, Jerry Kang, et al. “Implicit Bias In The Courtroom.” 56 UCLA L. Review 1124, 1165-1166. 2012.
Me Against Iniquity: Understanding the Complexities of Global White Supremacy (Racism) Through The Eyes of an Unapologetically BLACK Intellectual 